在快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活中，一次性紙餐盒因其便利性，已成為外賣(mài)與外出就餐的常用餐具。但隨著環(huán)保意識(shí)的提升，其降解問(wèn)題備受關(guān)注。

In the fast-paced modern life, disposable paper lunch boxes have become a common utensil for takeout and dining out due to their convenience. But with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, its degradation problem has attracted much attention.

　　一次性紙餐盒主要由紙漿制成，紙漿源于木材、竹子、秸稈等植物纖維，本身具備可降解性。在自然環(huán)境里，細(xì)菌、真菌等微生物會(huì)附著在餐盒表面，分泌特定的酶。這些酶能夠分解紙漿中的纖維素、半纖維素等復(fù)雜有機(jī)物，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單的糖類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)小分子。這些小分子再被微生物代謝，最終變?yōu)槎趸肌⑺透迟|(zhì)，回歸自然循環(huán)，所以純紙漿的一次性紙餐盒理論上可以降解。

Disposable paper lunch boxes are mainly made of pulp, which is derived from plant fibers such as wood, bamboo, and straw and is inherently biodegradable. In the natural environment, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi attach to the surface of the food box and secrete specific enzymes. These enzymes can decompose complex organic compounds such as cellulose and hemicellulose in pulp, converting them into simple sugars and alcohol small molecules. These small molecules are then metabolized by microorganisms and ultimately become carbon dioxide, water, and humus, returning to natural circulation. Therefore, disposable paper lunch boxes made of pure pulp can theoretically be degraded.

　　不過(guò)，實(shí)際情況更為復(fù)雜。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)防水、防油功能，很多廠(chǎng)家會(huì)在餐盒表面添加涂層。常見(jiàn)涂層材料有聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）等塑料材質(zhì)，以及生物可降解的聚乳酸（PLA）。添加塑料涂層后，紙餐盒的降解過(guò)程變得艱難。塑料化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，微生物難以對(duì)其分解，導(dǎo)致紙漿部分雖能被微生物侵蝕，但塑料涂層卻阻礙了整體降解，使降解時(shí)間大幅延長(zhǎng)。有研究顯示，含塑料涂層的紙餐盒在自然環(huán)境中可能需幾十年甚至上百年才能完全降解。

However, the actual situation is more complex. In order to achieve waterproof and oil resistant functions, many manufacturers will add coatings on the surface of the lunch box. Common coating materials include plastic materials such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), as well as biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). After adding plastic coating, the degradation process of paper lunch boxes becomes difficult. The chemical structure of plastics is stable, making it difficult for microorganisms to decompose them. Although the pulp can be eroded by microorganisms, the plastic coating hinders overall degradation, greatly prolonging the degradation time. Studies have shown that paper lunch boxes coated with plastic may take decades or even hundreds of years to fully degrade in natural environments.

　　相比之下，采用生物可降解材料涂層的紙餐盒環(huán)保性能更佳。以聚乳酸（PLA）涂層為例，它防水、防油效果良好，在特定溫度、濕度條件下能被微生物分解。進(jìn)入堆肥環(huán)境后，聚乳酸涂層會(huì)逐步分解為乳酸，再被微生物代謝為二氧化碳和水，降解過(guò)程通常僅需幾個(gè)月到一年，極大縮短了餐盒在環(huán)境中的留存時(shí)間。

In contrast, paper lunch boxes coated with biodegradable materials have better environmental performance. Taking polylactic acid (PLA) coating as an example, it has good waterproof and oil resistant effects, and can be decomposed by microorganisms under specific temperature and humidity conditions. After entering the composting environment, the polylactic acid coating will gradually decompose into lactic acid, which is then metabolized by microorganisms into carbon dioxide and water. The degradation process usually only takes a few months to a year, greatly reducing the retention time of the lunch box in the environment.

　　一次性紙餐盒的降解情況不能一概而論。純紙漿餐盒具有可降解性，但添加塑料涂層后降解性能大受影響；而采用生物可降解材料涂層的紙餐盒，為平衡環(huán)保與實(shí)用提供了可行方案。隨著環(huán)保技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，未來(lái)有望出現(xiàn)更多環(huán)保且高效降解的一次性紙餐盒，滿(mǎn)足生活便利的同時(shí)助力環(huán)保。

The degradation of disposable paper lunch boxes cannot be generalized. Pure pulp lunch boxes are biodegradable, but their degradation performance is greatly affected by the addition of plastic coatings; The paper lunch box coated with biodegradable materials provides a feasible solution for balancing environmental protection and practicality. With the advancement of environmental protection technology, it is expected that more environmentally friendly and efficiently degradable disposable paper lunch boxes will emerge in the future, meeting the convenience of daily life while contributing to environmental protection.

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